【ARPing入門ガイド】Pingとの違いからコマンドの使い方まで徹底解説！

# Thomas Habets版の場合
$ arping -h
ARPing 2.28, by Thomas Habets <thomas@habets.se>

# iputils版の場合
$ arping -V
arping from iputils 20250605
libcap: yes, IDN: yes, NLS: no, error.h: yes, getrandom(): yes, __fpending(): yes

$ arping --help
ARPing 2.28, by Thomas Habets <thomas@habets.se>
usage: arping [ -0aAbdDeFpPqrRuUvzZ ] [ -w <sec> ] [ -W <sec> ] [ -S <host/ip> ]
              [ -T <host/ip ] [ -s <MAC> ] [ -t <MAC> ] [ -c <count> ]
              [ -C <count> ] [ -i <interface> ] [ -m <type> ] [ -g <group> ]
              [ -V <vlan> ] [ -Q <priority> ] <host/ip/MAC | -B>

Options:

    -0     Use this option to ping with source IP address 0.0.0.0. Use this
           when you haven't configured your interface yet.  Note that  this
           may  get  the  MAC-ping  unanswered.   This  is  an alias for -S
           0.0.0.0.
    -a     Audiable ping.
    -A     Only count addresses matching  requested  address  (This  *WILL*
           break  most things you do. Only useful if you are arpinging many
           hosts at once. See arping-scan-net.sh for an example).
    -b     Like -0 but source broadcast source  address  (255.255.255.255).
           Note that this may get the arping unanswered since it's not nor-
           mal behavior for a host.
    -B     Use instead of host if you want to address 255.255.255.255.
    -c count
           Only send count requests.
    -C count
           Only wait for this many replies, regardless of -c and -w.
    -d     Find duplicate replies. Exit with 1 if there are answers from
           two different MAC addresses.
    -D     Display answers as exclamation points and missing packets as dots.
    -e     Like -a but beep when there is no reply.
    -F     Don't try to be smart about the interface name.  (even  if  this
           switch is not given, -i overrides smartness)
    -g group
           setgid() to this group instead of the nobody group.
    -h     Displays a help message and exits.
    -i interface
           Use the specified interface.
    -m type
           Type of timestamp to use for incoming packets. Use -vv when
           pinging to list available ones.
    -q     Does not display messages, except error messages.
    -Q pri 802.1p priority to set. Should be used with 802.1Q (-V).
           Defaults to 0.
    -r     Raw output: only the MAC/IP address is displayed for each reply.
    -R     Raw output: Like -r but shows "the other one", can  be  combined
           with -r.
    -s MAC Set source MAC address. You may need to use -p with this.
    -S IP  Like  -b and -0 but with set source address.  Note that this may
           get the arping unanswered if the target does not have routing to
           the  IP.  If you don't own the IP you are using, you may need to
           turn on promiscious mode on the interface (with -p).  With  this
           switch  you can find out what IP-address a host has without tak-
           ing an IP-address yourself.
    -t MAC Set target MAC address to use when pinging IP address.
    -T IP  Use -T as target address when pinging MACs that won't respond to
           a broadcast ping but perhaps to a directed broadcast.
           Example:
           To check the address of MAC-A, use knowledge of MAC-B and  IP-B.
           $ arping -S <IP-B> -s <MAC-B> -p <MAC-A>
    -p     Turn  on  promiscious  mode  on interface, use this if you don't
           "own" the MAC address you are using.
    -P     Send ARP replies instead of requests. Useful with -U.
    -u     Show index=received/sent instead  of  just  index=received  when
           pinging MACs.
    -U     Send unsolicited ARP.
    -v     Verbose output. Use twice for more messages.
    -V num 802.1Q tag to add. Defaults to no VLAN tag.
    -w sec Specify a timeout before ping exits regardless of how many
           packets have been sent or received.
    -W sec Time to wait between pings.
    -z     Enable seccomp
    -Z     Disable seccomp (default)
Report bugs to: thomas@habets.se
Arping home page: <http://www.habets.pp.se/synscan/>
Development repo: http://github.com/ThomasHabets/arping

$ arping -h

Usage:
  arping [options] <destination>

Options:
  -f            quit on first reply
  -q            be quiet
  -b            keep on broadcasting, do not unicast
  -D            duplicate address detection mode
  -U            unsolicited ARP mode, update your neighbours
  -A            ARP answer mode, update your neighbours
  -V            print version and exit
  -c <count>    how many packets to send
  -w <timeout>  how long to wait for a reply
  -i <interval> set interval between packets (default: 1 second)
  -I <device>   which ethernet device to use
  -s <source>   source IP address
  <destination> DNS name or IP address

For more details see arping(8).

# インストールバージョン
$ arping -h
ARPing 2.28, by Thomas Habets <thomas@habets.se>
〜 以下、省略 〜

# 実行ファイルの配置場所
$ which arping
/usr/sbin/arping

# パッケージリストの更新
$ sudo apt update

# パッケージ情報の確認
$ apt show arping
Package: arping
Version: 2.28-1
Priority: optional
Section: universe/net
Origin: Ubuntu
Maintainer: Ubuntu Developers <ubuntu-devel-discuss@lists.ubuntu.com>
Original-Maintainer: Salvatore Bonaccorso <carnil@debian.org>
Bugs: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+filebug
Installed-Size: 87.0 kB
Depends: libc6 (>= 2.38), libnet9 (>= 1.1.3), libpcap0.8t64 (>= 1.5.1), libseccomp2 (>= 1.0.1)
Conflicts: iputils-arping
Homepage: https://www.habets.pp.se/synscan/programs.php?prog=arping
Download-Size: 33.7 kB
APT-Sources: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu resolute/universe amd64 Packages
Description: sends IP and/or ARP pings (to the MAC address)
 The arping utility sends ARP and/or ICMP requests to the specified host
 and displays the replies. The host may be specified by its hostname,
 its IP address, or its MAC address.

# arpingのインストール
$ sudo apt install arping

$ which arping
/usr/sbin/arping

$ arping -h
ARPing 2.28, by Thomas Habets <thomas@habets.se>
usage: arping [ -0aAbdDeFpPqrRuUvzZ ] [ -w <sec> ] [ -W <sec> ] [ -S <host/ip> ]
              [ -T <host/ip ] [ -s <MAC> ] [ -t <MAC> ] [ -c <count> ]
              [ -C <count> ] [ -i <interface> ] [ -m <type> ] [ -g <group> ]
              [ -V <vlan> ] [ -Q <priority> ] <host/ip/MAC | -B>
For complete usage info, use --help or check the manpage.

$ arping [オプション] <対象ホスト>

$ sudo arping 192.0.2.1

$ sudo arping -i eth0 192.0.2.1

$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host noprefixroute
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:79:3a:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.11/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe79:3a0a/64 scope link proto kernel_ll
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:e8:48:7e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 10.0.3.15/24 brd 10.0.3.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute eth1
       valid_lft 73691sec preferred_lft 62891sec
    inet6 fd17:625c:f037:3:273e:d7be:5d2a:c348/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr noprefixroute
       valid_lft 86397sec preferred_lft 14397sec
    inet6 fe80::fc79:c432:a841:bc46/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

$ ip route
default via 10.0.3.2 dev eth1 proto dhcp src 10.0.3.15 metric 1003
10.0.3.0/24 dev eth1 proto dhcp scope link src 10.0.3.15 metric 1003
192.168.10.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.10.11

$ arping -h        # 簡易ヘルプメッセージ（usageのみ）
$ arping --help    # 詳細ヘルプメッセージ（usage、Options）

$ sudo arping -c 3 192.0.2.1    # 送信回数：3回

$ sudo arping -C 3 192.0.2.1    # 応答回数：3回

$ sudo arping -w 5 192.0.2.1    # タイムアウト：5秒

$ sudo arping -W 3 192.0.2.1    # 送信間隔：3秒

$ sudo arping -v 192.0.2.1
$ sudo arping -vv 192.0.2.1

$ sudo arping -q 192.0.2.1

# MACアドレスのみ出力（-r）
$ sudo arping -r 192.0.2.1
XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX

# IPアドレスのみ出力（-R）
$ sudo arping -R 192.0.2.1
192.0.2.1

# 両方（MAC+IP）出力（-r -R）
$ sudo arping -r -R 192.0.2.1
XX:XX:XX:XX:XX:XX 192.0.2.1

$ sudo arping -d 192.0.2.1

# 終了ステータス
# 0：重複なし（正常）
# 1：重複あり

$ ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
〜 省略 〜
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 08:00:27:79:3a:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.10.11/24 brd 192.168.10.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe79:3a0a/64 scope link proto kernel_ll
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
〜 省略 〜